2024-2025 Course Catalog

Please note: The information displayed here is current as of Thursday, November 21, 2024, but the official Course Catalog should be used for all official planning.

German Studies

Associate professorA. Guenther-Pal (chair)
Assistant professorP. Watzke (Assistant Professor of German Studies)
Visiting Assistant ProfessorM. Carone

Did you know:  

  • German is the official language or co-language of 9 countries and that it is a minority language throughout the globe including in Poland, Namibia, Brazil, and Romania? It is the most spoken native language in the European Union.
  • The U.S. poet Audre Lorde taught at the Free University in Berlin in the 1980s and 1990s, helping spur the Black German movement?
  • In 2024, the Swiss-German performer Nemo was the first non-binary person to win the Eurovision Song Contest?
  • Liechtenstein and Austria have the highest proportion of land dedicated to organic farming and other sustainability practices globally?
  • Between 23% and 38% of the populations of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland have a migrant background?
  • The world's first LGBTQ rights movement began in Berlin at the end of the 19th century?
  • Germany is home to the largest Turkish population outside of Turkey?

Why study German? A relevant field for the 21st century, German Studies at Lawrence emphasizes the diversity and multiculturalism of the German-speaking world. German is an important language—not just in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland—but also globally. It has long been an important language of the arts, philosophy, and the social and natural sciences. The Germanophone world has produced some of the most interesting literature, music, art, film, and other forms of cultural expression. The German-speaking countries have played a significant role in world history, while united Germany is one of the driving forces behind European integration and economic development.

    German Studies at Lawrence. Our innovative and engaging courses combine language learning with the exploration of the German-speaking cultures at all levels of the curriculum. In our classes, you learn the German language, of course, but you also engage with literature, film, television, history, comics, music, art and visual culture, politics, social media, fashion, and much more. Our department embraces cultural studies which means we view all of culture as “readable.” Certainly, you can read a book or a poem, but you can also read a music video or a piece of furniture. Lawrence's German Studies courses approach language as part of a larger context, so even our beginning classes are also courses in cultural studies.

    As a German Studies student, you flex your critical thinking skills. Our courses draw on many intellectual traditions, including, literary studies, film studies, queer and trans studies, gender studies, history, critical ethnic and race studies, disability studies, and postcolonialism. This exciting mix provides you with access to the cultures and histories of a dynamic, diverse, and interdependent international community, a global community in which German continues to be important. You will find that German Studies can be a vital part of a liberal arts education and offers transformative learning experiences relevant to your life at Lawrence and beyond.  

    Off-Campus Study. Take advantage of our affordable study abroad opportunities by participating in one of our affiliated programs in Berlin, Freiburg, or Vienna, or work with us to find a program that meets your specific needs. Most courses taken abroad meet major and minor requirements. On campus, maintain a connection to the German language and its cultures at our conversation tables and at departmental events.

    Life after Lawrence. With a major or minor in German Studies from Lawrence, you are prepared for a variety of careers. Many of our students combine German Studies with another minor or major. Our graduates have pursued successful careers in education, the music industry, foreign service, the law, museum administration, healthcare, the business sector, non-profits, STEM fields, and many more. Our department consistently has at least one or two graduates teaching or conducting research in Austria or Germany on the prestigious Fulbright Program. 


    Required for the major in German Studies

    The German Studies major requirements are structured to offer you the flexibility to select courses based on your interests. Attain proficiency in the language after completing the sequence GER101⇒GER102⇒GER201⇒GER202⇒GER285. If you have had previous experience in German, take the placement assessment.  The only required courses are GER312: Reading Texts and Contexts and the Senior Experience (either GER600: Senior Seminar or an independent study equivalent to the Senior Seminar). Completion of GER202 and GER285 count towards the major.

    In completing the major in German Studies, you can expect to achieve the following:

    • At least intermediate-high to advanced-low level proficiency in the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing);
    • The ability to engage critically and analytically with a variety of literary and cultural texts (e.g., poetry, film, drama, material culture, visual art, historical documents, novels, popular music) by situating them in their aesthetic, historical, political, social, and (inter-)cultural contexts;
    • Knowledge of Germanophone cultures as diverse, dynamic, multilingual, and global;
    • At the culmination of the major, carry out an independent research or creative project in German Studies.

    The major in German Studies requires:

    1. 60 units beyond GER 201, including GER 312: Reading Texts and Contexts. At least 36 of these units must be taken at Lawrence. Up to twelve units taught in English may count toward the major.
    2. A capstone project completed in the Senior Seminar (GER600) or equivalent. See Senior Experience below.
    3. A portfolio submitted by the second week of your final term. Details about the portfolio will be provided in the Senior Seminar and will generally consist of the following materials:
      1. a reflection statement
      2. a list of courses taken for the major
      3. sample short writing assignments 
      4. sample papers
      5. the capstone project.
    4. Courses taken in conjunction with a study abroad program in a German-speaking country will generally count toward major requirements unless their focus is primarily language instruction. IES courses automatically appear on your transcripts; unaffiliated programs are reviewed on a case-by-case basis. Before planning to study abroad, it is advised that you meet both with your major advisor and the chair of German Studies. 

    Senior Experience in German Studies

    The German Studies Senior Experience consists of an independent research or creative project that explores a question of your own choosing germane to the discipline. You hone your research and writing skills in the Senior Seminar (GER600) or an equivalent independent study. Typically, you will develop and explore a research question during Fall Term and complete the writing of the project during Winter Term of your senior year. Beyond the completion of a capstone project, other important components of the Senior Experience are advanced instruction in academic research and writing, evaluation of primary and secondary resources, peer and instructor feedback, utilization of various theoretical perspectives, and extensive revision.

    If you are undertaking a capstone in another discipline, consult with your faculty advisor in both departments/programs to explore the feasibility of an interdisciplinary capstone.


    Required for the minor in German Studies

    1. Thirty-six units beyond GER 202, including GER 312: Reading Texts and Contexts. At least 24 of these units must be taken at Lawrence. Up to six units taught in English may count toward the minor.
    2. Courses taken in conjunction with a study abroad program in a German-speaking country will generally count toward minor requirements unless their focus is primarily language instruction. IES courses automatically appear on your transcripts; unaffiliated programs are reviewed on a case-by-case basis. Before planning study abroad, it is advised that you meet with the chair of German Studies. 

    Teacher certification in German (K-12)

    German Studies majors can seek certification to teach German at the elementary and secondary levels. To be certified, you must spend at least one term studying in a German-speaking country. You must also pass an oral and writing proficiency test. You can add an endorsement in a second area (such as another language or English as a second language) by completing the appropriate minor. If you are planning to seek teacher certification, review the requirements in the Education Studies section of the catalog and meet with the director of teacher education, preferably before the end of your sophomore year.



    Courses - German Studies

    GER 101: Beginning German 1

    The first course of a two-term sequence that introduces students to the basics of German. Students practice the four skills of speaking, writing, reading, and listening all within a German cultural studies context.
    Units: 6

    GER 102: Beginning German 2

    A continuation of German 101. Students build on their language proficiency with continued practice in the four skills of speaking, writing, reading, and listening all within a German cultural studies context. PREREQUISITES: GER 101 or the equivalent
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 101 or the equivalent

    GER 118: Topics in Introductory German Cultural Studies (in English)

    This course examines a variety of special topics in German cultural studies. It is designed for first-and second-year students and those who have limited knowledge of German Cultural Studies and/or German language proficiency. When the course is paired, German Studies majors and minors must register for GER 418. This course is taught in English. May be repeated with topic is different.
    Units: 6

    GER 191: Directed Study in German

    Directed study follows a syllabus set primarily by the instructor to meet the needs or interests of an individual student or small group of students. The main goal of directed study is knowledge or skill acquisition, not research or creative work. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 195: Internship in German

    An opportunity for students to apply their German language skills in business, government, and the non-profit sector on the regional, national, and international level. Arranged in collaboration with and supervised by a member of the department. Includes readings, discussion, report, and/or portfolio. Advance consultation and application required. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 2 OR 3
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 201: Intermediate German I

    Further development of the four basic skills with an emphasis on increasing the student’s ability to understand literary as well as non-literary texts of increasing difficulty. PREREQUISITES: GER 102 or the equivalent
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 102 or the equivalent

    GER 202: Intermediate German II

    Special emphasis on building reading and writing skills, expanding vocabulary, and developing cultural knowledge of the German-speaking countries. Cultural units may include “literary and art history, the environment, multiculturalism and diversity, and politics. PREREQUISITES: GER 201 or the equivalent
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 201 or the equivalent

    GER 276: Grim(m) Stories? Comparative Fairy Tales in Translation

    The course focuses on tales collected by the Brothers Grimm, but it will also include works from broader continental contexts (Africa, Asia, Europe) and modern adaptations. Students will be introduced to various interpretative approaches (e.g. feminist, Marxist, psychoanalytic, postcolonial, structuralist) that will enable them to analyze tale types, themes, and motives across cultures. Taught in English. Course will count toward the humanities general education requirement for BA and BA/BMus students.
    Units: 6

    GER 278: Introduction to German Film (in English)

    With its pivotal role in the inauguration of the cinema, knowledge of German film is critical to an understanding of the history of film. Considered as one of the most accessible aesthetic forms, the moving image pervades our everyday lives, and yet we seldom think of what we do as "reading" films. Throughout this course, students will be introduced to the practice of reading German films using three structuring lenses: 1) film and cultural history, 2) formal and generic elements, and 3) film criticism.
    Units: 6
    Also listed as Film Studies 278

    GER 285: Advanced Composition and Conversation

    This course follows GER202. Students improve and refine writing, speaking, and cultural analysis skills through the study of a variety of written texts (e.g. poetry, drama), films, and visual art. The discussion-based course allows students to acquire deeper knowledge of the language, history, and culture of the German-speaking countries. Students prepare grammar exercises, essays, presentations, and other assignments that expand students engagement with German cultural studies. PREREQUISITES: GER 202 or consent of instructor
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 202 or consent of instructor

    GER 290: Berlin: Experiencing a Great City (in English)

    This course introduces students to one of the world’s great cities. Classwork includes the history, culture, and literature of Berlin as well as preparations for a series of day-long walking tours of the city that students will conduct themselves for their classmates with the help of a guidebook. In addition, students will conduct comparative research on some aspect of life in the U.S. or Germany. Students must complete both the classroom portion of the course and the Berlin trip to receive credit. Taught in English. Not open to students who have previously received or need to receive credit for GER 389.
    Units: 2 OR 4
    Also listed as Global Studies 290

    GER 312: Reading Texts and Contexts

    This course serves as an introduction to German cultural studies and prepares students for upper-level course work in the major and minor. Students encounter the objects, methods, and theories of the interdisciplinary field German Studies, from film and literature to material culture; genre analysis to the close reading of poetry; and New Historicism to critical whiteness studies. The course is conducted primarily as a discussion seminar. PREREQUISITES: GER 285 or consent of instructor
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 285 or consent of instructor

    GER 355: The Holocaust in German Culture (in English)

    This course focuses on literary responses to the Holocaust, but it also deals with film and the issue of commemoration. After a discussion of the difficulty of representing the Holocaust, the course examines the Holocaust’s role in the construction of German-Jewish identity and its impact on post-war German culture. Taught in English. German majors and minors may participate in a two-unit tutorial in which discussions and some course readings will be in German. PREREQUISITES: Sophomore standing or consent of instructor
    Units: 6
    Also listed as Global Studies 355
    Prerequisite: Sophomore standing or consent of instructor

    GER 357: Film in Germany (in English)

    This course selects from 90 years of filmmaking in Germany. Films range from expressionism to Nazi propaganda and from escapist comedies to avant garde art. Learning to “read” German films critically also means finding out how to understand movies from Hollywood and beyond. Possible topics include “From Caligari to Hitler,” “German Literature as Film,” and “What Makes Lola Run.” Taught in English. German majors and minors may participate in a two-unit tutorial in which discussions and some course readings will be in German. May be repeated when topic is different.
    Units: 6
    Also listed as Film Studies 357

    GER 361: Vampires, Monsters, and Man-Eaters (In English)

    This course seeks to reveal the ways in which the question of monstrous difference is articulated in a variety of German “texts.” Its main goal is to examine the ways that representations of monstrousness are employed to stage complex public and private anxieties as well as to provide an expression of rebellion against various systems of hierarchy. Featured in the works of canonized authors as well as within the realm of popular culture, the representational functions of the monster can provide valuable insight into numerous aspects of German history and psychosexual relations.
    Units: 6
    Also listed as Film Studies 361, Gender Studies 361

    GER 375: Novellen

    Although Novellen developed as a literary form throughout Europe, it was particularly popular in Germany from the late 18th through the 20th centuries. This course introduces students to the Novelle as a form, to a variety of interesting works of literature and to the cultural, social and political developments in which Novellen were written and read. PREREQUISITES: GER 312
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 378: Black Europe Resistance, Performance, & Self-Making (in English)

    This course dispels racial myths of the European continent, introduces the Black Diaspora beyond the African American context, pushes the boundaries of belonging and national identity in Europe, and presents black individuals/collectives as historical agents and transnational actors on and beyond the continent. Course materials may consist of literature, poetry, music videos, film, and art. Assessments include short reflection papers, research papers, and oral presentations. Taught in English. German majors and minors may participate in a two-unit tutorial in which discussions and some course readings will be in German.
    Units: 6
    Also listed as Ethnic Studies 378, Global Studies 378

    GER 388: German Drama

    Study of German dramatic literature that may or may not culminate in a workshop performance of a play or portions of plays. Students will situate German plays in their literary, historical and cultural context and also perform short dramatic readings. Assignments may also include short essays and oral presentations. PREREQUISITES: GER 312
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 389: Berlin: Experiencing a Great City

    An introduction to one of the world's great cities. Classwork includes the history, culture and literature of Berlin and preparations for day-long walking tours that students will lead. Students will do some readings and discussions in German and write their comparative paper in German Students must completed both the classroom portion of the course and the Berlin trip to receive credit. Taught in English. Not open to students who have previously received credit for GER 290. PREREQUISITES: GER 312
    Units: 2 OR 6
    Also listed as Global Studies 389
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 390: Tutorial Studies in German

    Individual study arranged and carried out in close consultation with an instructor. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 391: Directed Study in German

    Directed study follows a syllabus set primarily by the instructor to meet the needs or interests of an individual student or small group of students. The main goal of directed study is knowledge or skill acquisition, not research or creative work. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 395: Internship in German

    An opportunity for students to apply their German language skills in business, government, and the non-profit sector on the regional, national, and international level. Arranged in collaboration with and supervised by a member of the department. Includes readings, discussion, report, and/or portfolio. Advance consultation and application required. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 2 OR 3
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 399: Independent Study in German

    Advanced research on a topic of the student’s choice, arranged in consultation with the department. Students considering an honors project should register for this course. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 412: Literature and Social Problems

    Few would question literature's status as art, but literary texts are often also locations where authors explore imaginary solutions to real social problems. Unlike political pamphlets or non-fiction accounts, literature lets readers experience various problems and issues as they impact the lives of individual characters caught in difficult situations, e.g., class, ethnic, and gender conflicts, ecological disasters. PREREQUISITES: GER 312
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 415: From Caligari to Cabaret: The Culture of the Weimar Republic (1918-1933)

    This course explores the aesthetic and cultural trends of the Weimar Republic (1918-1933), one of the most vibrant periods of German history. With particular emphasis on gender, race, and sexuality in modernity, we examine film, visual art, literary works, magazines, music and cultural phenomena such as the "new woman," the body beautiful, and the "Third Sex." Taught in German as a discussion seminar. PREREQUISITES: GER312 or equivalent
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER312 or equivalent

    GER 416: Kinder- und Jugendliteratur

    This course examines the development of the distinct genre of literature for children and adolescents since the 18th century. It combines the analysis of classic texts, e.g., Heidi or Karl May, with close readings of modern cult classics. PREREQUISITES: GER 312 or consent of instructor
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312 or consent of instructor

    GER 417: Deutsche? Demokratische? Republik?

    In the years since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, both the promise and the problems of the German Democratic Republic have faded from memory. Indeed, the experience seems to have receded into the distant past. This course explores both the lofty goals and difficult circumstances of the DDR’s birth and its gradual decline and fall. The course pays particular attention to literary and filmic representations of hope and fear that the country engendered. PREREQUISITES: GER 312
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 418: Topics in German Cultural Studies

    Topics in German Cultural Studies allows for an in-depth examination of topics across time, for example, women’s writing or crime fiction, or it permits a detailed analysis of special topics, for example, Turkish-German culture in contemporary German film. May be repeated when topic is different.

    Topic for Fall 2024: Marginalized Communities
    PREREQUISITES: GER 312 This course examines artistic and cultural productions of people belonging to marginalized communities in the German-speaking world. Focusing on Black Germans, disabled communities, Muslim and Jewish communities, and the experiences of refugees and migrants, the course interrogates, resists, and destabilizes stereotypes about unity and national belonging.

    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 421: Grim(m) Stories (but taught in German)

    This course focuses on tales collected by the Brothers Grimm, but it will also include works from broader continental contexts (Africa, Asia, Europe) and modern adaptations. Students will be introduced to various interpretative approaches (e.g. feminist, Marxist, psychoanalytic, postcolonial, structuralist) that will enable them to analyze tale types, themes, and motives across cultures. Taught in German. PREREQUISITES: GER 312 or consent of instructor
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312 or consent of instructor

    GER 422: Der deutsche Krimi: Narratives of Crime and Detection

    In this course we will examine the development of crime and detective fiction in the German-speaking countries through close reading of several different media--novels, short stories, film, radio drama, television, and essays. PREREQUISITES: GER 312 or instructor approval
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312 or instructor approval

    GER 431: Topics in German-Jewish Studies

    Study of German-Jewish authors, intellectual figures, and topics from the Enlightenment to the present. This course will examine the role of dual identities, issues of assimilation/acculturation, Jewish identification and the notion of Jewish self-hatred. Representative writers include Mendelssohn, Heine, Kafka, Freud, Benjamin, Celan, Becker, Hilsenrath, and Honigmann. May be repeated when topic is different.
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 447: Migrants and German Culture

    Despite a long-term refusal to open itself to immigration, Germany has become a nation of immigrants and asylum-seekers. The course focuses on how both literature and films, including works by and about minorities in Germany, have dealt with key cultural phenomena: multiculturalism, diversity, acculturation, assimilation, “majority culture,” and parallel societies. PREREQUISITES: GER 312 or consent of the instructor
    Units: 6
    Also listed as Ethnic Studies 382, Film Studies 447
    Prerequisite: GER 312 or consent of the instructor

    GER 462: Vampires, Monsters, and Man-Eaters

    This course examines the borders of the human through the figures of the vampire, monster, and femme fatale in literature, film, and the visual arts. Featured in the works of canonized authors as well as within popular culture, “monstrousness” can provide valuable insights into numerous aspects of German history and psychosexual relations. Possible texts include the early vampire film Nosferatu, Wedekind’s Lulu tragedies, Patrick Süskind’s Das Parfüm, and paintings by H.R. Giger. PREREQUISITES: GER 312
    Units: 6
    Also listed as Gender Studies 362, Film Studies 362
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 465: Topics in Contemporary German Culture

    This course explores recent developments in German culture: recent literature, visual culture, music and other arts, as well as topics from politics and society. May be repeated when topic is different.
    Units: 6
    Prerequisite: GER 312

    GER 590: Tutorial Studies in German

    Individual study arranged and carried out in close consultation with an instructor. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 591: Directed Study in German

    Directed study follows a syllabus set primarily by the instructor to meet the needs or interests of an individual student or small group of students. The main goal of directed study is knowledge or skill acquisition, not research or creative work. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 595: Internship in German

    An opportunity for students to apply their German language skills in business, government, and the non-profit sector on the regional, national, and international level. Arranged in collaboration with and supervised by a member of the department. Includes readings, discussion, report, and/or portfolio. Advance consultation and application required. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 2 OR 3
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 599: Independent Study in German

    Advanced research on a topic of the student’s choice, arranged in consultation with the department. Students considering an honors project should register for this course. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 600: Senior Seminar

    This two-term course serves as the Senior Experience for German Studies majors. Students explore potential topics, develop the scope of their project, conduct research, write and revise, and review each other's work. By the end of the course, they will produce an independently researched scholarly or creative project demonstrating their knowledge of the discipline. The course is conducted primarily as a workshop. PREREQUISITES: Declared major in German
    Units: 2 TO 4
    Prerequisite: Declared major in German

    GER 690: Tutorial Studies in German

    Individual study arranged and carried out in close consultation with an instructor. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 691: Directed Study in German

    Directed study follows a syllabus set primarily by the instructor to meet the needs or interests of an individual student or small group of students. The main goal of directed study is knowledge or skill acquisition, not research or creative work. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 695: Internship in German

    An opportunity for students to apply their German language skills in business, government, and the non-profit sector on the regional, national, and international level. Arranged in collaboration with and supervised by a member of the department. Includes readings, discussion, report, and/or portfolio. Advance consultation and application required. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 2 OR 3
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.

    GER 699: Independent Study in German

    Advanced research on a topic of the student’s choice, arranged in consultation with the department. Students considering an honors project should register for this course. PREREQUISITES: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.
    Units: 1 TO 98
    Prerequisite: To register student must complete the Student Initiated Course Form with consultation of supervising instructor.